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International criminal trials represent one of the most significant human rights interventions in recent history. This project focuses on three United Nations tribunals: the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, and the International Criminal Court. It addresses the kinds of histories they produce, and in particular how they deal with the macro-historical context of abuses, including cultural conditions and structural factors. It employs the theory and methods of socio-cultural anthropology to provide thorough documentation and analysis of the internal workings of the tribunals, leading to generalizations about how they create historical explanations of armed conflict. On the basis of numerous interviews with staff at the tribunals, it advances a new theoretical position on the relationship between law, legal knowledge and history. During the Fellowship I will complete a nine-chapter manuscript for publication.