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This book project allows us to better understand the development of Americans' long-run struggles over the proper shape of the political economy by offering a major reinterpretation of the operations and effects of the largest, most complex economic project in history: the American industrial mobilization for World War II. Drawing on original research in a large number of business and military archives, the book project explains how private and public actors on the economic home front interacted to create the military power that allowed the Allies to win. In doing so, it traces the political struggles that accompanied this mobilization effort, which were marked by the business community's energetic wartime efforts to resist the expansion of state regulation and to associate production achievements with the superiority of private enterprise. The project shows how a public-private war effort could amplify an anti-statist politics that would endure and evolve for decades to come.