Associated Products
Richard Cross Digital Collection (Web Resource)Title: Richard Cross Digital Collection
Author: Tom & Ethel Bradley Center
Author: CSUN Oviatt Library
Abstract: Landing page of the digital collection includes a biography of Richard Cross, some sample photos, and a link to browse the collection.
Year: 2018
Primary URL:
https://digital-library.csun.edu/bradley-center-photographs/richard-crossPrimary URL Description: Richard Cross (1950–1983) began his career as a photographer at the Daily Globe in Worthington, Minnesota, where he worked until 1973. Cross spent four years (1974–1978) as a volunteer in Bogotá, Colombia, working as a photographer and audio-visual consultant for the Peace Corp’s Agricultural Communications program. Colombian anthropologist Nina de Friedemann invited him to join a project she had started in the early 1970s documenting what is considered the first Palenque (community of free Black slaves) in the Americas, Palenque de San Basilio, near Cartagena, Colombia. In 1979, he was drawn north to document the wars raging in Nicaragua, El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala, as well as the refugee crisis in Southern Mexico. There, Cross freelanced for major news outlets including U.S. News and World Report, Newsweek, and the Associated Press, and was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize for his work in Nicaragua.
Secondary URL:
https://digital-collections.csun.edu/digital/collection/p17169coll1/search/Secondary URL Description: The browse page inlcudes thumbnails of photographs, a search function, and filters to navigate the collection by place, subject, and date.
Visualizing the People's History: Richard Cross's Images of the Central American Liberation Wars (Exhibition)Title: Visualizing the People's History: Richard Cross's Images of the Central American Liberation Wars
Curator: José Luis Benavides
Curator: Edward Alfano
Abstract: American photojournalist Richard Cross documented the turbulent period of liberation wars in Central America from 1979 to 1983, until he was killed on assignment in Honduras. His photographs depict people, communities, and landscapes enduring war and genocide. Cross's work illuminates the legacies of these wars, which propelled the largest migration of people from Central America to the United States.
Museum of Social Justice, Los Angeles, August 15, 2019 to January 12, 2020.
Year: 2019
Primary URL:
https://www.museumofsocialjustice.org/visualizing-the-peoples-history.htmlPrimary URL Description: VISUALIZING THE PEOPLE'S HISTORY:
RICHARD CROSS'S IMAGE OF THE CENTRAL AMERICAN LIBERATION WARS
AUGUST 15, 2019–JANUARY 12, 2020
American photojournalist Richard Cross documented the turbulent period of liberation wars in Central America from 1979 to 1983, until he was killed while on assignment in Honduras. The photographs depict communities and landscapes enduring war and genocide. Cross’s work illuminates the legacies of these wars, which propelled the largest contemporary migration of people from Central America to the United States, and which continue to shape their American experience.
Richard Cross: Memoria Gráfica (Exhibition)Title: Richard Cross: Memoria Gráfica
Curator: Carlos Henríquez Consalvi
Abstract: En el XXVII aniversario de los Acuerdos de Paz, presentamos estas imágenes: periodismo, antropología visual y arte, que exploran más allá del drama humano, las causas de la guerra.
Museo de la Palabra y la Imagen, San Salvador, 16 de enero de 2020–?
On the 27th anniversary of the Peace Accords, we present these images: journalism, visual anthropology, and art, which explore beyond the human drama, the causes of war.
Museum of the Word and Image, San Salvador, January 16, 2020–?
Year: 2020
Primary URL:
https://museo.com.sv/2020/02/boletin-informativo-35-enero-2020/Primary URL Description: The Museum's newsletter of January 2020 provides an account of the exhibition by Richard Cross, curated by the Museum's director.
Music joined in the overthrow of Somoza | El canto se sumó al derrocamiento de Somoza (Film/TV/Video Broadcast or Recording)Title: Music joined in the overthrow of Somoza | El canto se sumó al derrocamiento de Somoza
Writer: Luis Pastor
Director: Luis Pastor
Producer: Luis Pastor
Producer: Tom & Ethel Bradley Center
Abstract: Musician and journalist Luis Pastor partnered with the Tom & Ethel Bradley Center and produced this program with interviews with several singer-songwriters from the 1970s who promoted the overthrow of the Somoza dictatorship with their art. Using photography by Richard Cross that illustrates what happened during that time, singers such as Carlos and Luis Enrique Mejía Godoy, Norma Helena Gadea, Francisco "Pancho" Cedeño, Pablo Martínez Téllez "El Guadalupano", Katia Cardenal and Mario Montenegro reflect on the role played by their songs during the revolution and by extension, the role of music in any political movement.
El músico y periodista Luis Pastor se asoció con el Tom & Ethel Bradley Center y produjo este program con entrevistas a varios cantautores de los 1970 que impulsaron con su arte el derrocamiento de la dictadura somocista. Usando fotografía de Richard Cross que ilustran lo que ocurrió durante esa época, cantantes como Carlos y Luis Enrique Mejía Godoy, Norma Helena Gadea, Francisco "Pancho" Cedeño, Pablo Martínez Téllez "El Guadalupano", Katia Cardenal y Mario Montenegro reflexionan acerca del papel que jugaron sus canciones durante la revolución y por extensión, el papel de la música en cualquier movimiento político.
Year: 2020
Primary URL:
https://youtu.be/q2si5NIokTQPrimary URL Description: Bradley Center YouTube Channel.
Access Model: Open Access
Format: Video
Ma Kuagro by Kombilesa Mi and Richard Cross (Film/TV/Video Broadcast or Recording)Title: Ma Kuagro by Kombilesa Mi and Richard Cross
Writer: Kombilesa Mi
Director: Guillermo Camacho
Producer: Kombilesa Mi
Producer: Tom & Ethel Bradley Center
Abstract: This music/archival photos video mixes the music video Ma Kuagro by Kombilesa Mi with photographs by Richard Cross. The purpose of this video is to celebrate the Afro-Colombian community of Palenque de San Basilio using the contemporary art of this amazing group of Palenque's musicians with photos of the community taken by photographer Richard Cross, who documented life in the community in the 1970s. The original sequence editing was done by Marta Valier. William Kwon did additional editing. We thank Kombilesa Mi for allowing us to use their music video.
Year: 2021
Primary URL:
https://youtu.be/nROByFfXK84Primary URL Description: Bradley Center's YouTube Channel.
Access Model: Open Access
Format: Video
SYZYGY: The BLK Light Mixtape, behind the scenes (Film/TV/Video Broadcast or Recording)Title: SYZYGY: The BLK Light Mixtape, behind the scenes
Writer: Matthew Yahata
Director: Matthew Yahata
Producer: Tom & Ethel Bradley Center
Abstract: The cast and crew of SYZYGY: The BLK Light Mixtape shares what it's like to develop a devised theater production while in a virtual environment. This behind-the-scenes look showcases some of the challenges students faced, from learning how to position themselves in front of a camera to building trust despite never meeting each other in person. As the team workshopped ideas throughout the semester, cast members were allowed to incorporate their own stories into the script.
Based on the initial idea to work with CSUN’s Tom & Ethel Bradley photographic collections, Professors Douglas Kaback and J'aime Morrison teamed with the Center director José Luis Benavides and researchers Marta Valier and Guillermo Marquez to curate a selection of Richard Cross photos documenting life at San Basilio de Palenque in Colombia. The UNESCO Intangible Heritage site was settled sometime in the late 16th century by a group of Africans who had escaped enslavement as they were being trafficked through the nearby port of Cartagena, a hub of the slave trade for the colonial Americas. Benkos Biohó, born to a royal family in what is now Guinea-Bissau, proved a formidable leader and secured freedom and sovereignty for himself and hundreds of other would-be slaves before he was captured and executed in betrayal of a treaty with the local government. The village gained sovereignty by royal decree in 1713 and continues today with arts and customs strongly inflected by the traditions of its African forebears, and it is that community that Richard Cross documented in the 1970s with a realistic, unidealized, and non-paternalistic gaze.
Year: 2021
Primary URL:
https://youtu.be/-hinBOwa-f0Primary URL Description: Bradley Center's YouTube Channel.
Access Model: Open Access
Format: Video
Toña’s Crossing the River and Other Stories of Fight and Resistance from El Salvador 3 parts (Radio/Audio Broadcast or Recording)Title: Toña’s Crossing the River and Other Stories of Fight and Resistance from El Salvador 3 parts
Writer: Marta Valier
Director: Marta Valier
Producer: Tom & Ethel Bradley Center
Abstract: Marta Valier produced and hosted this series based on oral histories with people that lived in El Salvador during the liberation war (1980–1992). The 1970s brought to El Salvador increasing government repression, including the creation of government-organized death squads to combat opposition movements and in 1980 a series of failed military juntas took power. By 1981, leftist guerrillas and political groups joined forces, forming the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, the FMLN. Then, throughout the 1980s, a civil war was waged between the FMLN and the U.S.-backed Salvadoran military forces.
Date: 02/04/2021
Primary URL:
https://anchor.fm/emancipated/episodes/1--Toas-Crossing-the-River-and-Other-Stories-of-Fight-and-Resistance-from-El-Salvador-Part-1-epurik/a-a4i00dlPrimary URL Description: In this first chapter, we hear from Linda Garrett, a senior policy analyst at the Center for Democracy in the Americas; and Toña Rios, who migrated to Los Angeles from El Salvador in 1981 and is now a pastor at Baldwin Park United Methodist Church in Los Angeles County. In the second chapter, we keep following Linda Garrett and we meet Carlos Henríquez Consalvi, known as Santiago, who also traveled to San Salvador from Nicaragua with the intention to establish Radio Venceremos, a radio station that operated in areas controlled by the insurgency and that he kept clandestine for 11 years. The third chapter centers on El Rescate human rights representative Linda Garrett’s encounter with Salvadoran political prisoner Héctor Bernabé Recinos Aguirre, illegally detained for more than four years for organizing the first national strike in 1980.
Secondary URL:
https://anchor.fm/emancipatedSecondary URL Description: Emancipated: Voices and images from the archives of the CSUN Tom & Ethel Bradley Center. Podcast with original content featuring activities and public events organized by the Center. We have over one million images produced by photographers that document the social, cultural, and political lives of the diverse communities of Los Angeles and Southern California. The archives contain one of the largest collections of African American photographers west of the Mississippi. We also have collections on the Farm Worker Movement, Central America, Mexico, the U.S.–Mexico border, and Africa.
Access Model: Open Access
Format: Radio
Richard Cross's anthropological work at Palenque de San Basilio (Radio/Audio Broadcast or Recording)Title: Richard Cross's anthropological work at Palenque de San Basilio
Writer: Marta Valier
Director: Marta Valier
Producer: Tom & Ethel Bradley Center
Abstract: Marta Valier talks to Guillermo Márquez about the visual anthropology work that photographer Richard Cross did in Colombia, where he was invited in the late 1970s by anthropologist Nina S. de Friedemann to visually document life in the Afro-Colombian community of San Basilio de Palenque. Both Valier and Márquez digitized and created metadata of Cross's images.
Date: 05/07/2021
Primary URL:
https://anchor.fm/emancipated/episodes/7--Richard-Crosss-anthropological-work-at-Palenque-de-San-Basilio-e10ejt9Primary URL Description: Podcast episode number 7 of Emancipated.
Secondary URL:
https://anchor.fm/emancipatedSecondary URL Description: Podcast feed of Emancipated: Voices and images from the archives of the CSUN Tom & Ethel Bradley Center. We have over one million images produced by photographers that document the social, cultural, and political lives of the diverse communities of Los Angeles and Southern California. The archives contain one of the largest collections of African American photographers west of the Mississippi. We also have collections on the Farm Worker Movement, Central America, Mexico, the U.S.–Mexico border, and Africa. Podcast is distributed through major podcast platforms such as Spotify and Apple.
Access Model: Open Access
Format: Radio
Searching for the Afro-Latinx Community Identity (Web Resource)Title: Searching for the Afro-Latinx Community Identity
Author: Mario Girlado
Author: Zihui Lei
Abstract: The ultimate objective of the storymap is to help accelerate Afro-Latinx identity formation and build a pluralistic community with social equality and environmental justice. The storymap covers the identification of the Afro-Latinx identity, the origins of the mix-identity, cultural and historical Afro-Latinx achievements, current status of the new identity, as well as challenges and discrimination in Afro-Latinx communities.
Year: 2021
Primary URL:
https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/ef494bd5ceb74532b76293df14c3a873Primary URL Description: Searching for the Afro-Latinx Community Identity storymap was created by Zihui Lei and Professor Mario Giraldo from Department of Geography and Environmental Studies at California State University, Northridge (CSUN).
Conflict and Culture in Central and Latin America: Curriculum Based on the Photographs of Richard Cross (Web Resource)Title: Conflict and Culture in Central and Latin America: Curriculum Based on the Photographs of Richard Cross
Author: David Moguel
Author: José Luis Benavides
Author: Guillermo Márquez
Author: Marta Valier
Abstract: Six history and social science lessons for grades 7 to 12 based on the work of American photojournalist Richard Cross. The lessons follow California’s teaching guidelines and use photos by the Richard Cross collection. The lessons cover the following topics: Richard Cross, Central America, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and San Basilio de Palenque. Each lesson includes: (1) Lesson Activities, (2) Compelling and Supporting Questions, (3) Historical Context, (4) Evaluating Sources and Using Evidence, (5) Oral Histories, (6) Timeline, (7) Photograph Viewing Guide, (8) Assessment Ideas, (9) Bibliography, and (10) a Photo Gallery.
Year: 2021
Primary URL:
https://csunbradleycentercurriculum.org/Primary URL Description: Students are introduced to photographer and journalist, Richard Cross, who photographed the Central American conflicts in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and who died in Honduras in 1983 covering the Contra war.
Students review a listing of relevant events and conditions that led to these conflicts.
Students are guided in formulating a series of compelling questions.
Students tap into their personal experiences, background knowledge, and current events to raise awareness about the current Central American population and experience in the U.S., exploring why 36+ year old photographs and history are relevant today.
The indigenous resistance against megaprojects in the Guatemalan Ixil region, a discussion with anthropologist Giovanni Batz (Radio/Audio Broadcast or Recording)Title: The indigenous resistance against megaprojects in the Guatemalan Ixil region, a discussion with anthropologist Giovanni Batz
Writer: Marta Valier
Director: Marta Valier
Producer: Marta Valier
Abstract: Interview with Giovanni Batz, President’s Postdoctoral Fellow at the Department of Native American Studies at the University of California, Davis, about his upcoming book, "The Fourth Invasion: Decolonizing Histories, Megaprojects and Ixil Resistance in Guatemala."
Date: 12/17/21
Primary URL:
https://anchor.fm/emancipated/episodes/16--The-indigenous-resistance-against-megaprojects-in-the-Guatemalan-Ixil-region--a-discussion-with-anthropologist-Giovanni-Batz-e1br0h9Primary URL Description: Dr. Giovanni Batz discusses the Ixil resistance, and the struggle against megaprojects in Guatemala analyzing topics like state-sponsored violence, the persecution of human rights defenders and activists, the negative impact of megaprojects on the indigenous communities, and the historical land inequality in Guatemala. Hundreds of photos by Richard Cross documented the situation of the Mayan refugees (including Ixiles) in Mexico.
Secondary URL:
https://anchor.fm/emancipatedSecondary URL Description: Voices and images from the archives of the CSUN Tom & Ethel Bradley Center. We have over one million images produced by photographers that document the social, cultural, and political lives of the diverse communities of Los Angeles and Southern California. The archives contain one of the largest collections of African American photographers west of the Mississippi. We also have collections on the Farm Worker Movement, Central America, Mexico, the U.S.–Mexico border, and Africa.
Access Model: Open Access
Format: Radio
Format: Web
20 años sin Nina S. de Friedemann. Un acercamiento al estudio antropológico de las comunidades afrodescendientes en Colombia (Article)Title: 20 años sin Nina S. de Friedemann. Un acercamiento al estudio antropológico de las comunidades afrodescendientes en Colombia
Author: Peter Rondón-Vélez
Abstract: Este artículo de investigación es un resultado del proyecto “Memoria, activismo y academia. Agencias situadas: 40
años del Primer Congreso de la Cultura Negra de las Américas-20 años sin Nina S. de Friedemann”. En agosto de 2017
se cumplieron cuatro décadas del congreso celebrado en Cali y organizado por Manuel Zapata Olivella (1920-2004), el
cual contó con la participación de la antropóloga bogotana que estaba trabajando en Ma Ngombe: guerreros y ganaderos
en Palenque (1979). Financiada por la Dirección General del Instituto Caro y Cuervo, la investigación evidenció las redes
creadas a partir de los dos intelectuales y sus formas de agenciamiento, en tanto estrategia para visibilizar su activismo,
producción académica y literaria.
Year: 2020
Primary URL:
https://www.icesi.edu.co/revistas/index.php/revista_cs/article/view/3726Primary URL Description: La Revista CS tiene como objetivo principal difundir la investigación en ciencias sociales y humanidades sobre problemas contemporáneos e históricos de América Latina y el Caribe. La Rev.CS es una publicación de acceso abierto con al menos dos pares ciegos y periodicidad cuatrimestral, creada en 2007 y financiada por la Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales y la Editorial de la Universidad Icesi (Colombia).
Access Model: Open Access
Format: Journal
Periodical Title: Revista CS
Publisher: Universidad Icesi (Colombia)
Conflict and Culture in Central and Latin America: Curriculum Based on the Photographs by Richard Cross (Course or Curricular Material)Title: Conflict and Culture in Central and Latin America: Curriculum Based on the Photographs by Richard Cross
Author: David Moguel
Author: Guillermo Márquez
Author: Marta Valier
Author: José Luis Benavides
Abstract: The introductory unit, Volume 1, introduces the work of photojournalist Richard Cross, the conflicts in Central America, and the history and culture of the Afro-Colombian community of Palenque de San Basilio. It asks the overarching question of why do these photographs and this history matter today? Volume 2 explores with the students how the environment affected agriculture, population, and cities in Mesoamérica before and after the encounter with Spanish and other European explorers that led to the colonization of Central America. Volume 3 focuses on the history of the Guatemala conflict that started in the 1950s and extended into the 1990s. It covers also de Mayan genocide and the forced migration of Mayans to Mexico. Volume 4 centers on El Salvador’s civil war from 1979 to 1992, where more than 80,000 people died, and a third of the population was displaced, many of them in a large exodus to the United States. Volume 5 centers on Nicaragua and the Sandinista revolution. And the additional Volume 6 focuses on the history and culture of Palenque de San Basilio as documented by Richard Cross as part of a visual anthropology project in the 1970s. The community’s historical importance for Afro-Colombians and Afro-Latin Americans has grown over time thanks to a great extent by the work of Richard Cross.
Year: 2021
Primary URL:
https://csunbradleycentercurriculum.org/Primary URL Description: Students are introduced to photographer and journalist, Richard Cross, who photographed the Central American conflicts in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and who died in Honduras in 1983 covering the Contra war.
Students review a listing of relevant events and conditions that led to these conflicts.
Students are guided in formulating a series of compelling questions.
Students tap into their personal experiences, background knowledge, and current events to raise awareness about the current Central American population and experience in the U.S., exploring why 36+ year old photographs and history are relevant today.
Audience: K - 12