Program

Research Programs: Fellowships for University Teachers

Period of Performance

9/1/2007 - 12/31/2008

Funding Totals

$40,000.00 (approved)
$40,000.00 (awarded)


Machiavellian Politics

FAIN: FA-53215-07

Catherine H. Zuckert
University of Notre Dame (Notre Dame, IN 46556-4635)

In a book on “Machiavellian politics,” I will argue that in the Discourses he uses Rome to criticize Sparta as the model of republican government. But having displaced the classical “aristocratic” notion of republicanism with a nascent model of checks and balances, he acknowledges that Roman conquests destroyed freedom everywhere. Instead of trying to conquer their neighbors, he urges his Florentine republican readers to form a federation with them. Machiavelli thus presents a new understanding of republican politics later adopted in the U.S. The “armed prophet” he praises in the Prince nevertheless remains an ever present political option and threat.





Associated Products

MACHIAVELLI'S POLITICS (Book)
Title: MACHIAVELLI'S POLITICS
Author: Catherine H. Zuckert
Abstract: In Machiavelli’s Politics I argue that he presents a unified, comprehensive view of politics in his major prose works. I first show how the moral revolution he effects in The Prince lays the foundation for the new form of democratic republic he proposes in the Discourses. In the Discourses he then describes the kinds of laws and institutions that enable both “the great” and the people to attain as much as possible of what they desire. Although Machiavelli claimed in his dedications to The Prince and the Discourses that these works contain everything that he knows, he continued to write. In the second half of this study, I thus examine Machiavelli’s later works to see the way in which he develops certain aspects of his thought: in Mandragola, how the analysis of the passions underlying political life applies to private life; in the Art of War, how the ancient principles of organization he advocated in The Prince and Discourses should be applied in modern circumstances; in his Life of Castruccio Castracani, why mastery of the art of war will not suffice to make a petty tyrant into a great founder; in Clizia, why devotion to transcendent “fantasies” is destructive; and, finally, in his Florentine Histories, why, in contrast to Rome, the partisan divisions in his native city produced a vacillation between tyranny and license. In concluding I suggest that Machiavelli’s thought continues to engage readers because he analyzes political phenomena and problems we still confront.
Year: 2017
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Type: Single author monograph
Copy sent to NEH?: No

“Machiavelli and the End of Nobility in Politics,” Machiavelli at 500, Special Issue of Social Research: An International Quarterly of Social Sciences, Vol. 81, No. 1 (Spring 2014): 85-107. (Article)
Title: “Machiavelli and the End of Nobility in Politics,” Machiavelli at 500, Special Issue of Social Research: An International Quarterly of Social Sciences, Vol. 81, No. 1 (Spring 2014): 85-107.
Author: Catherine H. Zuckert
Abstract: Machiavelli quickly acquired a bad reputation after copies of THE PRINCE began circulating in Europe in the sixteenth century. His family name is still used to describe a particularly nasty form of politics in which practitioners have no scruples about applying any means--force or fraud, murder or rapine--to achieve their own usually self ends. But politics itself has also acquired a bad name in the 500 years following his composition of THE PRINCE. A fresh reading of Machiavelli's classic treatise suggests that these phenomena are not unrelated. Machiavleli saw that the debunking of the noble pretensions of political actors he attempted to achieve was a necessary condition for making governments responsive to the desires of the governed.
Year: 2013
Format: Journal
Periodical Title: Social Research
Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press

"Machiavelli's Democratic Republic" (Article)
Title: "Machiavelli's Democratic Republic"
Author: Catherine H. Zuckert
Abstract: Commentators on Machiavelli's Discourses have disagreed about whether he seeks to establish anew, more democratic form of republic, revive an imperial republic like Rome, or educate a new political elite, because they have not seen the logic that connects the three books. Machiavelli first argues that the internal liberty of Rome depended on arming her people. He then shows how a modern republic can avoid the destructive effects of Roman imperialism. Finally, he teaches his readers how to preserve a republic better than the Romans.
Year: 2014
Format: Journal
Periodical Title: History of Political Thought
Publisher: Imprint Academic

"Machiavelli's Revolution in Thought" (Book Section)
Title: "Machiavelli's Revolution in Thought"
Author: Catherine Heldt Zuckert
Editor: Timothy Fuller
Abstract: This essay was written on the five-hundredth anniversary of the announcement of the composition of Machiavelli's remarkable book, The Prince. The composition of Machiavlelis book is an event worth remembering, I argue, because it changed the way people think about politics; and the way we think about politics obviously affects what we do.
Year: 2014
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
Book Title: Machiavelli's Legacy
ISBN: 978--0-81222-4

Natural Right and the American Imagination: Political Philosophy in Novel Form (Book)
Title: Natural Right and the American Imagination: Political Philosophy in Novel Form
Author: Catherine H. Zuckert
Abstract: American political thought as epitomized by the writings of Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and Abraham Lincoln tends to be addressed to immediate problems and institutional in focus. To find reflections on the fundamental principles of the regime articulated in the Declaration of Independence, I argue, we need to look at the reiterations of the "return to nature" depicted in classic American novels by James Fenimore Cooper, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Mark Twain, Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner
Year: 1990
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Type: Single author monograph
Copy sent to NEH?: Yes

Plato's Philosophers (Book)
Title: Plato's Philosophers
Author: Catherine H. Zuckert
Abstract: Faced with the difficult task of discerning Plato’s true ideas from the contradictory voices he used to express them, scholars have never fully made sense of the many incompatibilities within and between the dialogues. In the magisterial Plato’s Philosophers, Catherine Zuckert explains for the first time how these prose dramas cohere to reveal a comprehensive Platonic understanding of philosophy.
Year: 2009
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Type: Single author monograph
ISBN: 97800226993355
Copy sent to NEH?: Yes

Prizes

CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title Awards :
Date: 2/15/2010
Organization: Choice Magazine (Asso of American librarians)

Plato's Philosophers (Book)
Title: Plato's Philosophers
Author: Catherine H. Zuckert
Abstract: Faced with the difficult task of discerning Plato’s true ideas from the contradictory voices he used to express them, scholars have never fully made sense of the many incompatibilities within and between the dialogues. In the magisterial Plato’s Philosophers, Catherine Zuckert explains for the first time how these prose dramas cohere to reveal a comprehensive Platonic understanding of philosophy.
Year: 2009
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Type: Single author monograph

Plato's Philosophers (Book)
Title: Plato's Philosophers
Author: Catherine H. Zuckert
Abstract: Faced with the difficult task of discerning Plato’s true ideas from the contradictory voices he used to express them, scholars have never fully made sense of the many incompatibilities within and between the dialogues. In the magisterial Plato’s Philosophers, Catherine Zuckert explains for the first time how these prose dramas cohere to reveal a comprehensive Platonic understanding of philosophy.
Year: 2009
Type: Single author monograph
Copy sent to NEH?: Yes

“Los otros fil?sofas de Plat?n,” in Leo Strauss y otros compañeros de Platón, edición de Antonio Lastra, Ápeiron: Estudios de filosofía (Madrid, 2016). (Article)
Title: “Los otros fil?sofas de Plat?n,” in Leo Strauss y otros compañeros de Platón, edición de Antonio Lastra, Ápeiron: Estudios de filosofía (Madrid, 2016).
Author: Catherine H. Zuckert
Abstract: An account of how Plato uses other philosophers in the dialogues--Parmenides, Timaeus, Eleatic Stranger and Athenian Stranger--to show the need for and limitations of Socratic political philosophy.
Year: 2016
Format: Journal
Periodical Title: Ápeiron: Estudios de filosofía (Madrid, 2016).

“The Stranger’s Political Science v. Socrates’ Political Art” (Article)
Title: “The Stranger’s Political Science v. Socrates’ Political Art”
Author: Catherine H. Zuckert
Abstract: In this article I contrast the political science propounded by the Eleatic Stranger in Plato's STATESMAN with that proposed and practiced by Plato's Socrates, as seen particularly in the GORGIAS and REPUBLIC.
Year: 2005
Format: Journal
Publisher: International Plato Symposium

“The Socratic Turn,” History of Political Thought “Plato’s Laws: Postlude or Prelude to Socr (Article)
Title: “The Socratic Turn,” History of Political Thought “Plato’s Laws: Postlude or Prelude to Socr
Author: Catherine H. Zuckert
Abstract: In this article I trace the stages by which Plato shows Socrates developed his distinctive approach to philosophy in the PARMENIDES, PHAEDO, SYMPOSIUM, and APOLOGY.
Year: 2004
Format: Journal
Publisher: Imprint Academic

“Plato’s Laws: Postlude or Prelude to Socratic Political Philosophy?" (Article)
Title: “Plato’s Laws: Postlude or Prelude to Socratic Political Philosophy?"
Author: Catherine H. Zuckert
Abstract: The indications of the dramatic date of Plato's LAWS show that the Athenian stranger recommends the set of laws he proposes to his two Dorian interlocutors on the basis of presocratic philosophy and political history. The problems with the realization of his proposals reveal the need for Socratic political philosophy.
Year: 2004
Format: Journal
Publisher: Journal of Politics

“Becoming Socrates,” Re-Examining Socrates in the APOLOGY" (Book Section)
Title: “Becoming Socrates,” Re-Examining Socrates in the APOLOGY"
Author: Catherine H. Zuckert
Editor: Patricia Fagan and John Russon
Abstract: A re-examination of Socrates' APOLOGY.
Year: 2009
Publisher: Northwestern University Press

“On the Implications of Human Mortality: Legislation, Education, and Philosophy in Book 9 of Plato’s Laws,” (Book Section)
Title: “On the Implications of Human Mortality: Legislation, Education, and Philosophy in Book 9 of Plato’s Laws,”
Author: Catherine H. Zuckert
Editor: Eric Sanday and Greg Recco
Abstract: The Athenian Stranger's account of the rationale for the need for punishments in Plato's LAWS points to the differences between his philosophy and politics, on the one hand, and those of Socrates and the Eleatic Stranger, on the other.
Year: 2013
Publisher: Indiana University Press

“Partial Answers to Persistent Problems,” (Article)
Title: “Partial Answers to Persistent Problems,”
Author: Catherine H. Zuckert
Abstract: A response to six other articles in a symposium on my book Plato’s Philosophers, ed. Dustin Gish, Perspectives on Political Science.
Year: 2011
Format: Journal
Publisher: Taylor & Francis

“Socrates and Timaeus: Two Platonic Paradigms of Philosophy,” Epoché 15, No. 2 (Spring 2011): 331-60 (Article)
Title: “Socrates and Timaeus: Two Platonic Paradigms of Philosophy,” Epoché 15, No. 2 (Spring 2011): 331-60
Author: Catherine H. Zuckert
Abstract: A comparison of the philosophies and political proposals made by Timaeus in the dialogue that bears his name and those made by Socrates in Plato's REPUBLIC.
Year: 2011
Format: Journal
Publisher: Epoche

“Why Socrates and Thrasymachus Become Friends” : (Article)
Title: “Why Socrates and Thrasymachus Become Friends” :
Author: Catherine H. Zuckert
Abstract: There is a widespread view that Socrates' declaration in Book 5 of the REPUBLIC that he and Thrasymachus have become friends signals Socrates' recognition that he needs Thrasymachus's art of rhetoric to establish and maintain the city-in-speech he outlines in that dialogue. I argue, on the contrary, that Socrates says that he and Thrasymachus have become friends, although they were never enemies, because they both recognize the necessity of rulers' possessing knowledge of the good in order to achieve what they desire. In the GORGIAS Socrates argues that rhetoric is a false imitation of the true art or knowledge of administering rehabilitative justice and in the PHAEDRUS he suggests that a true art of rhetoric would require knowledge of individual souls that no one person could actually possess.
Year: 2010
Format: Journal
Publisher: Philosophy & Rhetoric

“Who’s a Philosopher? Who’s a Sophist? The Stranger v. Socrates,” Review of Metaphysics 54 (September 2001): 65-97. (Article)
Title: “Who’s a Philosopher? Who’s a Sophist? The Stranger v. Socrates,” Review of Metaphysics 54 (September 2001): 65-97.
Author: Catherine H. Zuckert
Abstract: In Plato's SOPHIST the Eleatic Stranger accuses Socrates of being a sophist. His definition of 'sophistry' is, however, quite different from that Socrates puts forward in the GORGIAS.
Year: 2001
Publisher: Review of Metaphysics