Long-Term Research Fellowships at the Consortium for History of Science, Technology and Medicine

FAIN: RA-254182-17

Consortium for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine (Philadelphia, PA 19106-2426)
Babak Ashrafi (Project Director: August 2016 to present)

8 months of stipend support (one fellowship) per year for three years and a contribution to defray costs associated with the selection of fellows.

The Consortium for History of Science, Technology and Medicine seeks support for postdoctoral fellowships in the humanities over a three year period for advanced study and research in the history of science. Specifically, the Consortium requests funding which would be awarded to junior and/or senior scholars as determined by the selection committee for projects typically ranging from four to nine months in duration. (edited by NEH staff)

Associated Products

“Origin of Forms and Qualities: Robert Boyle's Reply to William Harvey” (Conference Paper/Presentation)
Title: “Origin of Forms and Qualities: Robert Boyle's Reply to William Harvey”
Author: Ashley J. Inglehart
Abstract: This paper looks at famed chemist (or chymist) Robert Boyle’s Origin of Forms and Qualities and considers an un-named target of Boyle: William Harvey. Boyle published Origin of Forms and Qualities in 1666 as an attempt to eliminate reliance on Aristotelian forms, promoting instead his own corpuscular philosophy. In “The Historical Part” of Origin of Forms and Qualities, Boyle provides examples and experiments historically understood as involving substantial change, which he attempts to describe in terms of quality-less, uniform corpuscles. His very first example involves the hatching of an egg, or the development of a chick from diaphanous fluid. This paper argues that Boyle’s use of this example —from his introduction of it, to his description of how the egg develops, to his concluding remarks regarding the explanatory power of Harvey’s “plastick principle”— is a direct response to. Harvey had communicated his own views on the generation of chick eggs some fifteen years prior in Exercitationes de Generatione Animalium. A detailed analysis of his reply to Harvey can allow us to understand not only Boyle’s own account of animal generation but his methodical commitments more generally. Harvey holds that proper explanation lies in an account of the four Aristotelian causes, and his description of the plastic principle within the chick-egg is closely tied to his account of those causes. Boyle, however, rejects this approach and places the explanatory focus upon the material effects and modes of operations.
Date: 11/4/2018
Primary URL: https://hss2018.hssonline.org/en/77-media/abstract-archive/abstract/public/353/origin-of-forms-and-qualities-robert-boyle-s-reply-to-william-harvey
Primary URL Description: online program page for this presentation
Conference Name: History of Science Annual Meeting 2018

The Practice of Copying in Making Knowledge in Early Modern Europe: An Introduction (Article)
Title: The Practice of Copying in Making Knowledge in Early Modern Europe: An Introduction
Author: Katherine Reinhart
Author: Sietske Fransen
Abstract: Though the study of copying, imitation, forgery, and reproduction have a long lineage in the history of art, this special issue, and its introduction, seek to investigate the role of copying texts, and especially images, in the process of making new knowledge in the Early Modern period. By looking at a wide variety of images produced in contexts such as artist workshops, learned societies, and publishing houses, and compared with the texts and terminologies of copying and knowledge that surround them, we are not only expanding the scope of when and where copying takes place but also, and especially, emphasizing its importance to the process of creating knowledge. Copying—both its process and how we understand it—has not been a stable concept, and this introduction digs deeper into how Early Modern artists and natural philosophers conceived of and implemented this practice.
Year: 2019
Primary URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/02666286.2019.1628611
Primary URL Description: Taylor & Francis Online Volume 35, 2019 - Issue 3, 211-222.
Access Model: Open Access
Format: Journal
Periodical Title: Word & Image
Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Copying images in the archives of the early Royal Society (Article)
Title: Copying images in the archives of the early Royal Society
Author: Katherine M. Reinhart
Author: Sietske Fransen
Author: Sachiko Kusukawa
Abstract: This article argues that the copying of text and image was a key process in acquiring, approving, and recording knowledge in the early Royal Society of London. In particular, it focuses on how the administrative archives were set up and sustained in the nascent Society to preserve and establish new knowledge through a copying practice. Images were copied alongside texts to facilitate the collaborative scientific practice among the members of the Royal Society; to communicate essential features of an argument; to serve as proof of rare phenomena; and to establish priority for an invention or an idea. This copying practice was part of a unique system of emphasizing, prioritizing, and preserving for
Year: 2019
Primary URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/02666286.2019.1628629
Primary URL Description: Online Journal of Word & Image, Volume 35, 2019 Issue 3, 256-276
Access Model: Open Access
Format: Journal
Periodical Title: Word & Image
Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Sexual Dimorphism and Hermaphroditism in Nature (Article)
Title: Sexual Dimorphism and Hermaphroditism in Nature
Author: Ashley Inglehart
Abstract: Sexual dimorphism” denotes the existence of two distinct forms of sex: male and female. Animals, in which the differences in secondary sex characteristics are extreme, are sometimes described as sexually dimorphic. While present literature distinguishes between one’s biological sex and the socially constructed role of gender, early modern medical treatises have no separate term. Explanations of sex consequently consider not only physical traits associated with the sexes but those of psychological disposition and sexual proclivities as well.The following article outlines the history of the idea of sexual dysmorphism from the classical to the early modern era.
Year: 2019
Primary URL: https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-20791-9_182-1
Primary URL Description: url page for article
Access Model: open
Format: Other
Periodical Title: Encyclopedia of Early Modern Philosophy and the Sciences
Publisher: Springer

Science in Circulation: Coins, Copying, and the Materiality of Scientific Imagery (Conference Paper/Presentation)
Title: Science in Circulation: Coins, Copying, and the Materiality of Scientific Imagery
Author: Katherine Reinhart
Abstract: In the late seventeenth century, a vibrant trade of coins and medallions was taking place across Europe. Cast in an assortment of metals and alloys, these medals depicted events of national significance such as the signing of a peace treaty or the marriage of a sovereign. These coins circulated throughout Europe where they were collected, traded, and sometimes satirized by rival nations. In France, medals were issued to amplify the glory of the King Louis XIV and his reign. Yet in addition to battles and monuments, coins were also cast to commemorate the triumphs of science. In particular, the activities and discoveries of the young Académie royale des sciences in Paris – from their discovery of new moons to the construction of the observatory – became immortalized in numerous medals. The materiality of the coins, in particular the value and durability of the metal, meant they had the ability to travel to a greater degree than other more delicate or ephemeral objects of the Academy. These medals had multiple functions as they circulated both within the walls of the Academy, and in philosophical and aristocratic circles abroad. The visual allegories and events depicted on the coins were also copied into different formats including printed books and other medals. This paper will explore the coins and medals created on behalf of the French Scientific Academy – what they depicted, how they were used, and why scientific activity became memorialized in metal. This paper will also consider the materiality and mobility of these objects, and how they were dispersed and replicated in service of science and the French state.
Date: 09/01/2020
Primary URL: https://sites.google.com/view/eshsbologna2020/home
Primary URL Description: 9th European Society for the History of Science (ESHS) Conference website
Conference Name: 9th ESHS Conference, Visual, Material and Sensory Culture of Science, Bologna, Italy

Instruments & Iconography in the early Académie royale des sciences (Conference Paper/Presentation)
Title: Instruments & Iconography in the early Académie royale des sciences
Author: Katherine Reinhart
Abstract: Instruments are abundant in the visual imagery created by the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris, the first scientific society of France. From its foundation in 1666 under King Louis XIV, the Academy’s visual products – including paintings, drawings, prints, and coins – repeatedly depicted numerous scientific instruments. Sometimes the instrument portrayed was a specific apparatus developed and used by the Academy such as Christiaan Huygens’s pendulum clock; in other instances, a generalized flask or scope stood in for a category of device. Yet, these instruments often had much larger meanings within the work of art, and these meanings varied depending on the work’s intended audience. This paper will explore the instruments depicted in the visual culture of the French Royal Academy of Sciences, and how these instruments contributed to an iconography of natural philosophy developing at the time. In particular, it will look at how this iconography became part of the visual strategy deployed by young Academy during the late seventeenth century. This paper will seek to answer questions including why instruments were given precious visual real estate in the small space of a print or coin? And, in an image laden with epistemic and political messages, what did these instruments mean? Drawing from a range of archival and printed primary sources, this paper will reveal the important role of instruments in the visual culture of early modern science.
Date: 09/15/2020
Primary URL: https://scientific-instrument-commission.org/sic-conferences/item/xxxix-scientific-instrument-symposium
Primary URL Description: Conference website
Secondary URL: http://scientific-instrument-commission.org/
Secondary URL Description: Website of The Scientific Instrument Commission which is a constituent group in the Division of History of Science and Technology (DHST) under the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science and Technology (IUHPST).
Conference Name: XXXIX Scientific Instrument Symposium, London, September 2020 (held virtually)

“Genesis, Creation, and Generation in Robert Boyle’s Natural Philosophy” (Conference/Institute/Seminar)
Title: “Genesis, Creation, and Generation in Robert Boyle’s Natural Philosophy”
Author: Ashley Inglehart
Abstract: This paper examines the problem of generation -how plants, animals, and minerals come into existence- as considered by eminent English Aristocrat, Robert Boyle. Boyle, most noted today for work in pneumatics, addresses the problem in more than twenty treatises spanning roughly forty years. His understanding of the forces of generation, moreover, would remain closely tied to his ideas about God and the biblical account of Creation throughout his life. I show how Robert Boyle took up the imagery of seminal principles for religious purposes and made them cohere with his larger mechanical and experimental project. I likewise expand upon the influence that Boyle’s Theological Voluntarism had upon his epistemology and methodological approach to experiment. In doing so, Boyle would contribute to a larger project of rejecting Aristotelian essentialism in favor of a modern approach to science. Both his approach and ideas about the forces of generation would go on to have tremendous influence in medicine, philosophy, and the birth of science itself.
Date Range: Dec. 3, 2021
Location: Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota
Primary URL: https://cse.umn.edu/cbi/events/fall-2021-colloquium-ashley-inglehart
Primary URL Description: event web page of Charles Babbage Institute

Images for the King: Art, Science, and Power in Louis XIV's France (Conference/Institute/Seminar)
Title: Images for the King: Art, Science, and Power in Louis XIV's France
Author: Katherine Reinhart
Abstract: This project investigates the epistemic and political functions of images in a pivotal early modern scientific institution: the Académie royale des sciences. During the Academy’s formative period, from its inauguration in 1666 to the death of King Louis XIV in 1715, the Academy produced a wealth of images in the form of drawings, prints, medallions, and paintings, and was subject to widespread visual representation. Like England’s Royal Society, the Academy was pivotal in the development of early modern natural philosophy as one of the first and best-funded scientific institutions in Europe. This project interrogates how various images and objects were created, selected, and deployed in the service of knowledge production and as a means of broadcasting monarchical power. In addition, this project accounts for the graphic and pictorial practices of both the natural philosophers, assembled in Paris by Louis XIV, and the artists with whom they regularly collaborated. Ultimately, it reveals how various types of visual material – from anatomical drawings to allegorical reliefs on coins – were an indispensable part of the Academy’s projects, as well as providing tangible evidence of the scientific ambitions of the French state.
Date Range: November 16, 2020
Location: Institute for Research in the Humanities (IRH), University of Wisconsin
Primary URL: https://irh.wisc.edu/event/images-for-the-king-art-science-and-power-in-louis-xivs-france/
Primary URL Description: webpage for IRH event featuring Solmsen Fellow (2020-21), Katherine Reinhart

“Behind the Great Doctors: Locating the Physician’s Wife in the History of American Medicine” (Conference/Institute/Seminar)
Title: “Behind the Great Doctors: Locating the Physician’s Wife in the History of American Medicine”
Author: Kelly O'Donnell
Abstract: Partners in practice, nurses (lay and trained), cultural messengers, political activists, financial backers, secretaries—these are only some of the roles frequently played by doctors’ wives, comprising what amounts to a shadow labor force within the medical profession. This talk offers a preliminary argument for the need to consider marriage and romantic partners in our histories more closely, as they are essential to understanding the transformations of American medicine. A true integration of this social world in our histories of health care holds the potential to radically alter our understanding of labor dynamics and the transmission of knowledge and prestige about medicine within society and culture. At the same time, this talk will also reflect on the major methodological difficulties in documenting this domestic realm. While this history is urgent, doctors’ wives have evaded the scrutiny of medical historians for a number of reasons. Not only is much of the history of medicine cataloged in the heavily curated professional papers of physicians, but partners of physicians were often heavily invested in upholding a particular image of their husbands for the public and posterity. By expanding our archive and reading older sources creatively, we can begin to appreciate doctors’ wives as a missing piece in the puzzle of our health care histories.
Date Range: April 23, 2022
Location: Saratoga Springs, NY
Primary URL: https://www.histmed.org/saratoga-springs
Primary URL Description: webpage on AAHM website for the 95th Annual Conference for the American Association for the History of Science (AAHM).
Secondary URL: https://www.histmed.org/documents/AAHM2022_FinalProgram.pdf
Secondary URL Description: Final Program for 95th annual meeting of the American Association for the History of Medicine. See page 55 for Kelly O'Donnell's listing.

Hippocratic Vows: The Doctor’s Wife and the History of American Medicine, Hosted by The Beaumont Medical Club (Public Lecture or Presentation)
Title: Hippocratic Vows: The Doctor’s Wife and the History of American Medicine, Hosted by The Beaumont Medical Club
Abstract: Marrying a doctor became an aspirational goal for many young women in the twentieth century United States. For those who succeeded in securing a physician, however, married life was often hard work. From fundraising and engaging in political activism to answering patients’ phone calls, the labor of the doctor’s wife was an essential part of the history of American medicine. My new research reveals that spouses of physicians had an under-appreciated but significant impact on the growth, reception, and reform of the medical profession.
Author: Kelly O'Donnell
Date: 04/08/2022
Location: Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (virtual)
Primary URL: https://medicine.yale.edu/news-article/hippocratic-vows-the-doctors-wife-and-the-history-of-american-medicine-with-kelly-odonnell-phd-hosted-by-the-beaumont-medical-club/
Primary URL Description: Event web page of the Beaumont Medical Club at Yale School of Medicine

“A Cyclopes, a Stone, and a Four-Breasted Woman: Drawing Anatomical Knowledge" (Article)
Title: “A Cyclopes, a Stone, and a Four-Breasted Woman: Drawing Anatomical Knowledge"
Author: Katherine Reinhart
Abstract: Drawings have a long history communicating new ideas, and in the early modern period, they were mobilized by a new form of institution—the scientific society—which emerged as a permanent structure to facilitate novel modes of pursuing and producing anatomical knowledge. This collaborative approach engendered new techniques for communicating and circulating knowledge among investigators, including innovative visual and material practices. Institutions such as the Royal Society of London and the Académie royale des sciences in Paris produced hundreds of drawings, by both artists and philosophers, in the course if their pursuits to understand the functions, structures, and diseases of the body. From depictions of bladder-stones to monstrous births, drawings not only recorded anatomical investigations but often stood in for anatomical objects themselves.
Year: 2022
Primary URL: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/718566?journalCode=know
Primary URL Description: University of Chicago press journals web page, Know: A journal on the Formation of Knowledge, Vol 6, Number 1 Spring 2022
Access Model: Subscription only
Format: Journal
Periodical Title: KNOW: A Journal on the Formation of Knowledge
Publisher: University of Chicago Press Journals

“Anatomical Things: An Introduction,” (Article)
Title: “Anatomical Things: An Introduction,”
Author: Margaret Carlyle
Author: Katherine Reinhart
Abstract: Introduction to the special issue “Anatomical Things.” In it we introduced the 6 articles in the issue, and the major themes that are discussed in the issue.
Year: 2022
Primary URL: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/718436?journalCode=know
Primary URL Description: Web page of Know: A Journal on the Formation of Knowledge, Volume 6, Number 1 Spring 2022
Access Model: Subscription only
Format: Journal
Periodical Title: Know: A Journal on the Formation of Knowledge
Publisher: University of Chicago Press Journals

“Autonomy & Diversity: The Frontispieces of the early Royal Society” (Book Section)
Title: “Autonomy & Diversity: The Frontispieces of the early Royal Society”
Author: Katherine Reinhart
Editor: Stefan Laube
Abstract: This chapter surveys the context and circumstances for the creation of five frontispieces in the Royal Society’s first three decades (1660-1690). These images are useful sites of investigation for examining the relationship between text and image in the Society’s early printing program. These five frontispieces each have a different maker and different message, but all were approved and sanctioned for publication by the Royal Society. In publishing books with frontispiece images, the Royal Society began disseminating visual statements to a wider public – about the Society’s authority, goals, and stature.
Year: 2022
Primary URL: https://worldcat.org/title/1285493604
Primary URL Description: webpage of book, Einladende Buch-Anfänge. Titelbilder in der frühen Neuzeit
Access Model: purchase, library memberbership
Publisher: Harrossowitz Verlag
Book Title: Einladende Buch-Anfänge. Titelbilder in der frühen Neuzeit
ISBN: 3447116897

Exceedingly Accurate as well as Skillfully Engraven in Copper’: The Role of Images in early Modern Scientific Books (Conference Paper/Presentation)
Title: Exceedingly Accurate as well as Skillfully Engraven in Copper’: The Role of Images in early Modern Scientific Books
Author: Katherine Reinhart
Abstract: Books were an important conduit for scientific ideas in the early modern period. A significant feature of many of these books were illustrations depicting the specimens, instruments, and experiments discussed in the text. These images helped circulate knowledge between individual natural philosophers and newly formed intellectual networks forming in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Printed images were also sites of negotiation as book illustrations required the specialized skill of an artist or artisan to engrave, etch, or carve the block or plate. Thus, these images are fruitful sites to study the relationship between author and image-maker.This paper explored the role of images in early modern scientific books, focusing on texts published by the early Académie royale des sciences in Paris. Founded in 1666, the French Academy was one of the first scientific societies in Europe, receiving patronage from King Louis XIV. This generous funding was reflected in their earliest publications which were large, sumptuous, and heavily illustrated. Some of these images were celebrated for their artistic skill as well as scientific accuracy. This paper will examine how these images were negotiated between scientist and artist, as well as their role in disseminating knowledge created by the young Academy.
Date: 1/8/2022
Primary URL: https://aha.confex.com/aha/2022/webprogram/Session22415.html
Primary URL Description: website page for AHA Annual Meeting, Session 149 presented on Saturday, January 8, 2022 with session abstract and presenters listed
Conference Name: American Historical Association 135th Annual Meeting

Drafting Natural Philosophy: The Royal Society’s Visual Letters (Conference Paper/Presentation)
Title: Drafting Natural Philosophy: The Royal Society’s Visual Letters
Author: Katherine Reinhart
Abstract: During the seventeenth century new organizations—scientific societies—were created for the collective pursuit of natural philosophy. These centralized institutions became nodes for natural philosophical correspondence within the epistolary networks of the Republic of Letters. For example, Fellow of the Royal Society Henry Oldenburg (1619-1677) wrote and collected thousands of letters during his tenure as the Secretary, many of which were published in the Philosophical Transactions journal. Yet, in addition to textual accounts of experiments, observations, and discoveries, these letters also frequently contained images. From marginalia drawings to engravings amended on separate sheets, visual material was a prominent part of scientific correspondence. What role did images play in the epistolary networks of early scientific societies? How were these ‘visual letters’ treated upon their receipt? And how did societal record keeping and copying practices impact the preservation and circulation of these images? Drawn from material in the Royal Society’s archives, this paper examines the function of visual letters within natural philosophical correspondence networks in the early modern period.
Date: 2/23/2022
Primary URL: https://sites.manchester.ac.uk/lives-of-letters/2022/02/09/before-mail-art-visual-letters-workshop-23-feb-2022/
Primary URL Description: Webpage of University of Manchester, Events page
Conference Name: Before Mail Art: Visual Letters Workshop

Art & Empire: Scientific Societies in the Global Early Modern World (Conference Paper/Presentation)
Title: Art & Empire: Scientific Societies in the Global Early Modern World
Author: Katherine Reinhart
Abstract: How were new ideas about the natural world created and circulated in the global early modern world? And who claimed authority over that knowledge? One of the primary formats was through images. Analyzing how images circulated—both physically and through reproduction—is key to understanding both how new knowledge was created and how rival empires competed to control it. At the same time as European empires were expanding, burgeoning scientific institutions, such as the Royal Society of London, mobilized global networks of philosophers to claim precedence and establish themselves, and their Crown, as the arbiters of new knowledge. Much scholarship analyzes the textual records of the Royal Society, but images are often considered tangential or secondary in the circulation and production of colonial knowledge. This paper examined how images were, instead, fundamental to the circulation and proliferation of new ideas that simultaneously entwined scientific and state interests.
Date: 3/30/2022
Primary URL: https://rsa.confex.com/rsa/2022/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/13046
Primary URL Description: webpage for presentation of Katherine Reinhart at Renaissance Society of America Annual Conference held in Dublin, March 30, 2022
Conference Name: Renaissance Society Annual Meeting 2022

Science & Statecraft: On the Epistemic and Political Functions of Images in the Académie royale des sciences (Conference Paper/Presentation)
Title: Science & Statecraft: On the Epistemic and Political Functions of Images in the Académie royale des sciences
Author: Katherine Reinhart
Abstract: This paper will examine the diverse functions of images within a foundational scientific society in France – the Académie royale des sciences in Paris. During the Academy’s formative period, from its inauguration in 1666 to the death of King Louis XIV in 1715, the Academy produced a wealth of images in the form of drawings, prints, medallions, and paintings, and was subject to widespread visual representation. Like Accademia dei Lincei in Italy or the Royal Society of London, the Academy was pivotal in the development of early modern natural philosophy as one of the first and best-funded scientific institutions in Europe. In this paper I explore how various images and objects functioned in the service of knowledge production and as a means of broadcasting monarchical power. For example, the Academy created dozens of drawings during the course of their experiments, dissections, and discoveries, and these drawings, were then used as the basis of scientific debates. These drawings functioned epistemically as critical tools in the Academy’s work creating new ideas and theories. In contrast, the many medals and jeton coins created by and for the Academy commemorated significant achievements by the Academy as circulated them as significant moments in the reign of Louis XIV. In this way, these coins and medals functioned politically, both to elevate the status of the Academy and to link it to the status of the crown. Using a series of case-studies across different media, this paper will analyze the diverse functions images and image-making practices served both within the internal operations of the Academy, and outwards to the wider public of government officials and international network of natural philosophers. Ultimately, I argue that a diverse array of visual practices and materials were indispensable to the Academy’s projects, and simultaneously provide tangible evidence of the French State’s scientific ambitions.
Date: 9/16/2022
Primary URL: https://www.biblhertz.it/3292965/images-and-institutions-the-visual-culture-of-early-modern-scientific-societies
Primary URL Description: News & events webpage of Bibliotheca Hertziana, Max-Planck-Institut für Kunstgeschichte
Secondary URL: https://binghamtonarthistory.wordpress.com/2022/09/15/katherine-reinhart-organizes-international-symposium-images-institutions-in-rome/
Secondary URL Description: webpage of News & events page Binghampton University
Conference Name: Images & Institutions: The Visual Culture of Early Modern Scientific Societies

Intaglio Inquiries: Scientific Academies & The Engraved Image," (Conference Paper/Presentation)
Title: Intaglio Inquiries: Scientific Academies & The Engraved Image,"
Author: Katherine Reinhart
Abstract: How was natural knowledge communicated and circulated by scientific societies in the early modern period? One method was through engraved images included in the printed works of these new institutions. An important part of printed books, journals, and treatises, engraved images were a critical component of transmitting knowledge from the private collaborative spaces of halls and meeting rooms to wider audiences. In these publication formats, engraved images helped circulate knowledge between individual natural philosophers and newly formed intellectual networks forming in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. At the same time, printed images were also sites of negotiation, as they required the specialized skill of an artist or artisan to engrave, etch, or carve the block or plate. Thus, these images are fruitful sites to study the relationship between author and image-maker. This paper discussed the role of engraved images within early modern scientific societies. Focusing on the Royal Society of London and the Académie royale des science in Paris, this paper will explore how the creation of printed images to accompany these institutions’ scientific texts was a complex process negotiated by multiple stakeholders. The process of illustrating their written texts required early members of both societies to work with skilled engravers, such as William Faithhorne and Sébastien Leclerc, to create images for their published works. These relationships, varyingly collaborative and antagonistic, directly affected the success of the images and the larger scientific project. Thus, to understand the diverse function of these images within early modern print culture, we must incorporate the viewpoints and practices of both society members and the skilled artists who created them.
Date: 11/17/2022
Primary URL: https://cdn.ymaws.com/hssonline.org/resource/resmgr/annual_meeting/2022_program/hss-program-2022.pdf
Primary URL Description: Program Book for the HSS Annual Meeting Chicago, IL, USA November 17–20, 202
Conference Name: History of Science Society Annual Meeting 2022:

The Role of Scientific Images in Collaborative Knowledge Making (Public Lecture or Presentation)
Title: The Role of Scientific Images in Collaborative Knowledge Making
Abstract: This lecture discussed the role of scientific images in the process of collaborative knowledge making – particularly around the formation of early scientific societies. Relationships between scientists and image-makers were particularly explore, and the images were considered in the context of historiographic debates around epistemic images.
Author: Katherine Reinhart
Date: 12/20/2022
Location: Université de Neuchâtel, Neuchatel Switzerland
Primary URL: https://www.unine.ch/files/live/sites/iham/files/shared/01_Accueil/Affiche_conf_Katie Reinhart.pdf
Primary URL Description: webpage announcement for Public Lecture

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